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2.3 Example Command Line Invocations

AVRDUDE error messages, warnings and progress reports are generally written to stderr which can, in bash, be turned off by 2>/dev/null or by using increasingly more -q options to suppress them. Terminal output of commands or that of the -U command with an output file named - are written to stdout. In some examples empty lines are shown for clarity that are not printed by AVRDUDE or the shell.

Download the file diag.hex to the ATmega128 chip using the STK500 programmer connected to the default serial port:

 
$ avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -e -U flash:w:diag.hex

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: device signature = 0x1e9702 (probably m128)
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file diag.hex for flash
         with 19278 bytes in 74 section within [0, 0x4b4e]
avrdude: writing 19278 bytes flash ...
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 7.60 s
avrdude: 19278 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against diag.hex
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 6.83 s
avrdude: 19278 bytes of flash verified

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Same but in quell-progress-reporting (silent) mode -qq:

 
$ avrdude -qq -p m128 -c stk500 -e -U flash:w:diag.hex

Using && to confirm that the silent AVRDUDE command went OK:

 
$ avrdude -qq -p m128 -c stk500 -e -U flash:w:diag.hex && echo OK
OK

Save flash memory in raw binary format to the file named c:/diag flash.bin:

 
$ avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -U flash:r:"c:/diag flash.bin":r

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: device signature = 0x1e9702 (probably m128)
avrdude: reading flash memory ...
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 46.10s
avrdude: writing output file c:/diag flash.bin

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Using the default programmer, download the file diag.hex to flash, eeprom.hex to EEPROM, and set the extended, high, and low fuse bytes to 0xff, 0x89, and 0x2e respectively:

 
$ avrdude -p m128 -U flash:w:diag.hex    \
                  -U eeprom:w:eeprom.hex \
                  -U efuse:w:0xff:m      \
                  -U hfuse:w:0x89:m      \
                  -U lfuse:w:0x2e:m

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: device signature = 0x1e9702 (probably m128)
avrdude: Note: flash memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed.
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file diag.hex for flash
         with 19278 bytes in 74 section within [0, 0x4b4e]
avrdude: writing 19278 bytes flash ...
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 7.60 s
avrdude: 19278 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against diag.hex
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 6.83 s
avrdude: 19278 bytes of flash verified

[ ... other memory status output skipped for brevity ... ]

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Read the fuses and print their values in different formats (hexadecimal, binary and octal):

 
$ avrdude -cusbasp -patmega128 -qq -Ulfuse:r:-:h -Uhfuse:r:-:b -Uefuse:r:-:o

0xbf
0b11000110
0377

Connect to the JTAG ICE mkII with a serial number ending in 1C37 via USB, and enter terminal mode:

 
$ avrdude -c jtag2 -p m649 -P usb:1c:37 -t

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9603

[ ... terminal mode output skipped for brevity ... ]

avrdude done.  Thank you.

List the serial numbers of all JTAG ICEs attached to USB; this is done by specifying an invalid serial number, and increasing the verbosity level:

 
$ avrdude -c jtag2 -p m128 -P usb:xx -v

[...]
         Using Port            : usb:xxx
         Using Programmer      : jtag2
avrdude: usbdev_open(): Found JTAG ICE, serno: 00A000001C6B
avrdude: usbdev_open(): Found JTAG ICE, serno: 00A000001C3A
avrdude: usbdev_open(): Found JTAG ICE, serno: 00A000001C30
avrdude: usbdev_open(): did not find any (matching) USB device "usb:xxx"

Write data from stdin (standard input) to EEPROM; no error output means all went fine:

 
$ echo 'The quick brown fox' | avrdude -c usbasp -p attiny13 -qq -U eeprom:w:-:r

Execute multiple terminal mode commands separated by semicolons:

 
$ echo 'write eeprom 0 "Bonjour"; write ee 0x18 0x12345678; dump eeprom 0 0x20' | \
  avrdude -qqcdryrun -patmega328p -t

0000  42 6f 6e 6a 6f 75 72 00  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  |Bonjour.........|
0010  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  78 56 34 12 ff ff ff ff  |........xV4.....|

Read EEPROM and write content to stdout (standard output):

 
$ avrdude -qq -cusbasp -pattiny13 -Ueeprom:r:-:i

:20000000E2809954686520717569636B2062726F776E20666F78E280990AFFFFFFFFFFFFD3
:20002000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0
:00000001FF

Same but redirect stderr (standard error output) to /dev/null instead of using -qq:

 
$ avrdude -cusbasp -pattiny13 -Ueeprom:r:-:i 2>/dev/null

:20000000E2809954686520717569636B2062726F776E20666F78E280990AFFFFFFFFFFFFD3
:20002000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0
:00000001FF

Using the Avrdude output to print strings present in flash memory:

 
$ avrdude -pattiny13 -qq -U flash:r:-:r | strings

Main menu
Distance: %d cm
Exit

Factory fuse setting of a device:

 
$ avrdude -patmega328p/St | grep initval

.ptmm	ATmega328P	lfuse	initval	0x62
.ptmm	ATmega328P	hfuse	initval	0xd9
.ptmm	ATmega328P	efuse	initval	0xff
.ptmm	ATmega328P	lock	initval	0xff

List of all parts known to AVRDUDE:

 
$ avrdude -p*/d | grep = | cut -f2 -d"'"

ATtiny11
ATtiny12
ATtiny13
ATtiny13A
ATtiny15
AT89S51
[...]
AVR64EA48
LGT8F88P
LGT8F168P
LGT8F328P

List of all modern AVR parts (with UPDI interface) known to AVRDUDE:

 
$ avrdude -p*/d | grep PM_UPDI | cut -f2 -d"'"

ATtiny202
ATtiny204
ATtiny402
[...]
AVR64EA28
AVR64EA32
AVR64EA48

List of all curently plugged-in serial devices known to the libserialport library:

 
$ avrdude -P ?s
Possible candidate serial ports are:
  -P /dev/ttyUSB0 or -P ft232r:A600K203
  -P /dev/ttyUSB1 or -P ft232r:MCU8
  -P /dev/ttyUSB3, -P ch340 or -P ch340-115k
Note that above ports might not be connected to a target board or an AVR programmer.
Also note there may be other direct serial ports not listed above.

List of all serial adapters known to AVRDUDE, i.e., defined in avrdude.conf:

 
$ avrdude -P ?sa
Valid serial adapters are:
  ch340      = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x7523]
  ch340-115k = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x7523]
  ch341a     = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x5512]
  ch9102     = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x55d4]
  cp210x     = [usbvid 0x10c4, usbpid 0xea60 0xea70 0xea71]
  ft2232h    = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6010]
  ft231x     = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6015]
  ft234x     = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6015]
  ft230x     = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6015]
  ft232h     = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6014]
  ft232r     = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6001]
  ft4232h    = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6011]
  pl2303     = [usbvid 0x067b, usbpid 0x2303]

AVRDUDE in a bash script creating terminal scripts that reset a part to factory settings:

 
$ cat make-init-scripts

#!/bin/bash
mkdir /tmp/factory
for part in $(avrdude -p*/d | grep = | cut -f2 -d"'"); do
  echo $part
  avrdude -p$part/St | grep initval | cut -f3,5 | grep -ve-1 \
  | sed "s/.*/write &/" >/tmp/factory/$part.ini
done

Run above script and use one of the created terminal scripts:

 
$ ./make-init-scripts

$ cat /tmp/factory/ATmega328P.ini
write lfuse	0x62
write hfuse	0xd9
write efuse	0xff
write lock	0xff

$ avrdude -qq -cusbasp -pATmega328P -t < /tmp/factory/ATmega328P.ini

Output a list of non-bootloader programmers that can be used for a part. Note that |& folds stderr into stdout in a bash shell:

 
$ avrdude -c? -pavr32ea32 |& grep -v bootloader

Valid programmers for part AVR32EA32 are:
  atmelice_updi      = Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) via UPDI
  dryrun             = Emulates programming without a programmer via UPDI
  jtag2updi          = JTAGv2 to UPDI bridge via UPDI
  jtag3updi          = Atmel AVR JTAGICE3 via UPDI
  pickit4_updi       = MPLAB(R) PICkit 4 via UPDI
  pkobn_updi         = Curiosity nano (nEDBG) via UPDI
  powerdebugger_updi = Atmel PowerDebugger (ARM/AVR) via UPDI
  serialupdi         = SerialUPDI via UPDI
  snap_updi          = MPLAB(R) SNAP via UPDI
  xplainedmini_updi  = Atmel AVR XplainedMini via UPDI
  xplainedpro_updi   = Atmel AVR XplainedPro via UPDI

Print filename of last stored sketch with its date stamp (only with urclock programmer):

 
$avrdude -qq -curclock -P/dev/ttyUSB0 -pattiny13 -xshowdate -xshowfilename

2023-05-19 11.13 blink.hex

Create a bash function avrdude-elf that takes an elf file as input, with support for optional Avrdude flags at the end, and writes to all memories specified in the elf file. In this example, the elf file did not contain any EEPROM data:

 
# Show all writable memories present for the ATtiny13
$ echo $(avrdude -pattiny13/ot | grep write | cut -f3 | uniq)

eeprom flash lfuse hfuse lock

# Function that writes to all memories present in the elf file

avrdude-elf() {
  avrdude -cusbasp -pattiny13 -U{eeprom,flash,{l,h}fuse,lock}:w:"$1":e "${@:2}"
}

# Run function where -B8 and -V is appended to the Avrdude command
$ avrdude-elf program.elf -B8 -V

avrdude: set SCK frequency to 93750 Hz
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: device signature = 0x1e9007 (probably t13)
avrdude: Note: flash memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed.
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip

avrdude: reading input file Blink.elf for eeprom
         with 0 bytes in 0 sections within [0, -1]
         using 0 pages and 0 pad bytes
avrdude: writing 0 bytes eeprom ...
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.00 s
avrdude: 0 bytes of eeprom written

avrdude: reading input file Blink.elf for flash
         with 78 bytes in 1 section within [0, 0x4d]
         using 3 pages and 18 pad bytes
avrdude: writing 78 bytes flash ...
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.09 s
avrdude: 78 bytes of flash written

avrdude: reading input file Blink.elf for lfuse
         with 1 byte in 1 section within [0, 0]
avrdude: writing 1 byte lfuse ...
avrdude: 1 byte of lfuse written

avrdude: reading input file Blink.elf for hfuse
         with 1 byte in 1 section within [0, 0]
avrdude: writing 1 byte hfuse ...
avrdude: 1 byte of hfuse written

avrdude: reading input file Blink.elf for lock
         with 1 byte in 1 section within [0, 0]
avrdude: writing 1 byte lock ...
avrdude: 1 byte of lock written

avrdude done.  Thank you.
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