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2.4 Example Command Line Invocations

AVRDUDE error messages, warnings and progress reports are generally written to stderr which can, in bash, be turned off by 2>/dev/null or by using increasingly more -q options to suppress them. Terminal output of commands or that of the -U command with an output file named - are written to stdout. In some examples empty lines are shown for clarity that are not printed by AVRDUDE or the shell.

Write the file diag.hex to the ATmega128 chip using the STK500 programmer connected to the default serial port:

 
$ avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -e -U flash:w:diag.hex

Reading 19278 bytes for flash from input file diag.hex
Writing 19278 bytes to flash
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 7.60 s
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 6.83 s
19278 bytes of flash verified

Avrdude done.  Thank you.

Same but in quell-progress-reporting (silent) mode -qq:

 
$ avrdude -qq -p m128 -c stk500 -e -U flash:w:diag.hex

Using && to confirm that the silent AVRDUDE command went OK:

 
$ avrdude -qq -p m128 -c stk500 -e -U flash:w:diag.hex && echo OK
OK

Save flash memory in raw binary format to the file named c:/diag flash.bin:

 
$ avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -U flash:r:"c:/diag flash.bin":r

Reading flash memory ...
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 6.90 s
Writing 19278 bytes to output file diag flash.bin

Avrdude done.  Thank you.

Read the fuses and print their values in different formats (hexadecimal, binary and octal):

 
$ avrdude -cusbasp -patmega128 -qq -Ulfuse:r:-:h -Uhfuse:r:-:b -Uefuse:r:-:o

0xbf
0b11000110
0377

Using the default programmer, write the file diag.hex to flash, the file eeprom.hex to EEPROM, and set the extended, high, and low fuse bytes to 0xff, 0x89, and 0x2e respectively:

 
$ avrdude -p m128 -U flash:w:diag.hex    \
                  -U eeprom:w:eeprom.hex \
                  -U efuse:w:0xff:m      \
                  -U hfuse:w:0x89:m      \
                  -U lfuse:w:0x2e:m

Processing -U flash:w:diag.hex:i
Reading 19278 bytes for flash from input file diag.hex
Writing 19278 bytes to flash
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 7.60 s
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 6.81 s
19278 bytes of flash verified

Processing -U eeprom:w:eeprom.hex:i
Reading 3328 bytes for eeprom from input file eeprom.hex
Writing 3328 bytes to eeprom
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 1.20 s
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.70 s
3328 bytes of eeprom verified

Processing -U efuse:w:0xff:m
Reading 1 byte for efuse from input file 0xff
Writing 1 byte (0xFF) to efuse, 1 byte written, 1 verified

Processing -U hfuse:w:0x89:m
Reading 1 byte for hfuse from input file 0x89
Writing 1 byte (0x89) to hfuse, 1 byte written, 1 verified

Processing -U lfuse:w:0x2e:m
Reading 1 byte for lfuse from input file 0x2e
Writing 1 byte (0x2E) to lfuse, 1 byte written, 1 verified

Avrdude done.  Thank you.

Write data from stdin (standard input) to EEPROM; no error output means all went fine:

 
$ echo 'The quick brown fox' | avrdude -c usbasp -p attiny13 -qq -U eeprom:w:-:r

Execute multiple terminal mode commands separated by semicolons:

 
$ echo 'write eeprom 0 "Bonjour"; write ee 0x18 0x12345678; dump eeprom 0 0x20' | \
  avrdude -qqcdryrun -patmega328p -t

0000  42 6f 6e 6a 6f 75 72 00  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  |Bonjour.........|
0010  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  78 56 34 12 ff ff ff ff  |........xV4.....|

Read EEPROM and write content to stdout (standard output):

 
$ avrdude -qq -cusbasp -pattiny13 -Ueeprom:r:-:i

:20000000E2809954686520717569636B2062726F776E20666F78E280990AFFFFFFFFFFFFD3
:20002000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0
:00000001FF

Same but redirect stderr (standard error output) to /dev/null instead of using -qq:

 
$ avrdude -cusbasp -pattiny13 -Ueeprom:r:-:i 2>/dev/null

:20000000E2809954686520717569636B2062726F776E20666F78E280990AFFFFFFFFFFFFD3
:20002000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0
:00000001FF

Using the Avrdude output to print strings present in flash memory:

 
$ avrdude -pattiny13 -qq -U flash:r:-:r | strings

Main menu
Distance: %d cm
Exit

List the serial numbers of all JTAG ICEs attached to USB; this is done by specifying an invalid serial number, and increasing the verbosity level:

 
$ avrdude -c jtag2 -p m128 -P usb:xxx -v

Avrdude version 7.3-20240815 (e230d889)
Copyright see https://github.com/avrdudes/avrdude/blob/main/AUTHORS

System wide configuration file is /usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf
User configuration file is /home/srueger/.avrduderc

Using port            : usb:xxx
Using programmer      : jtag2fast
Programmer baud rate  : 115200
Usbdev_open(): Found JTAG ICE, serno: 00A000001C6B
Usbdev_open(): Found JTAG ICE, serno: 00A000001C3A
Usbdev_open(): Found JTAG ICE, serno: 00A000001C30
Error: did not find any (matching) USB device usb:xxx (03eb:2103)
Error: unable to open port usb:xxx for programmer jtag2fast

Avrdude done.  Thank you.

Connect to the JTAG ICE mkII with a serial number ending in 1C37 via USB, enter interactive terminal mode, list all commands for the connected part and quit:

 
$ avrdude -c jtag2 -p m649 -P usb:1c:37 -t

avrdude> help
Valid commands:
  dump    : display a memory section as hex dump
  read    : alias for dump
  disasm  : disassemble a memory section
  write   : write data to memory; flash and EEPROM are cached
  save    : save memory segments to file
  backup  : backup memories to file
  restore : restore memories from file
  verify  : compare memories with file
  flush   : synchronise flash and EEPROM cache with the device
  abort   : abort flash and EEPROM writes, ie, reset the r/w cache
  erase   : perform a chip or memory erase
  config  : change or show configuration properties of the part
  factory : reset part to factory state
  regfile : I/O register addresses and contents
  include : include contents of named file as if it was typed
  sig     : display device signature bytes
  part    : display the current part information
  send    : send a raw command to the programmer
  verbose : display or set -v verbosity level
  quell   : display or set -q quell level for progress bars
  help    : show help message
  ?       : same as help
  quit    : synchronise flash/EEPROM cache with device and quit
  q       : abbreviation for quit

For more details about a terminal command cmd type cmd -?

Other:
  !<line> : run the shell <line> in a subshell, eg, !ls *.hex
  # ...   : ignore rest of line (eg, used as comments in scripts)

Note that not all programmer derivatives support all commands. Flash and
EEPROM type memories are normally read and written using a cache via paged
read and write access; the cache is synchronised on quit or flush commands.
The part command displays valid memories for use with dump and write.

avrdude> quit

Avrdude done.  Thank you.

Factory fuse setting of a device:

 
$ avrdude -patmega328p/St | grep initval

.ptmm	ATmega328P	lfuse	initval	0x62
.ptmm	ATmega328P	hfuse	initval	0xd9
.ptmm	ATmega328P	efuse	initval	0xff
.ptmm	ATmega328P	lock	initval	0xff

List of all parts known to AVRDUDE:

 
$ avrdude -p*/d | cut -f2 -d"'"

ATtiny11
ATtiny12
ATtiny13
ATtiny13A
ATtiny15
AT89S51
[...]
AVR64EA48
LGT8F88P
LGT8F168P
LGT8F328P

List of all modern AVR parts (with UPDI interface) known to AVRDUDE:

 
$ avrdude -p*/Ud | cut -f2 -d"'"

ATtiny202
ATtiny204
ATtiny402
[...]
AVR64EA28
AVR64EA32
AVR64EA48

List of all curently plugged-in serial devices known to the libserialport library:

 
$ avrdude -P ?s
Possible candidate serial ports are:
  -P /dev/ttyUSB0 or -P ft232r:A600K203
  -P /dev/ttyUSB1 or -P ft232r:MCU8
  -P /dev/ttyUSB3, -P ch340 or -P ch340-115k
Note that above ports might not be connected to a target board or an AVR programmer.
Also note there may be other direct serial ports not listed above.

List of all serial adapters known to AVRDUDE, i.e., defined in avrdude.conf:

 
$ avrdude -P ?sa

Valid serial adapters are:
  ch340   = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x7523]
  ch341a  = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x5512]
  ch342   = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x55d2]
  ch343   = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x55d3]
  ch344   = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x55d5]
  ch347   = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x55da 0x55db 0x55dd 0x55de]
  ch9102  = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x55d4]
  ch9103  = [usbvid 0x1a86, usbpid 0x55d7]
  cp210x  = [usbvid 0x10c4, usbpid 0xea60 0xea70 0xea71]
  ft2232h = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6010]
  ft231x  = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6015]
  ft234x  = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6015]
  ft230x  = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6015]
  ft232h  = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6014]
  ft232r  = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6001]
  ft4232h = [usbvid 0x0403, usbpid 0x6011]
  pl2303  = [usbvid 0x067b, usbpid 0x2303 0x2304 0x23a3 0x23b3 0x23c3 0x23d3 0x23e3]

Output a list of non-bootloader programmers that can be used for a part. Note that 2>&1 folds stderr into stdout in a bash shell:

 
$ avrdude -c"?" -pavr32ea32 2>&1 | grep -v bootloader

Valid programmers for part AVR32EA32 are:
  atmelice_updi      = Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) via UPDI
  dryrun             = Emulates programming without a programmer via UPDI
  jtag2updi          = JTAGv2 to UPDI bridge via UPDI
  nanoevery          = JTAGv2 to UPDI bridge via UPDI
  jtag3updi          = Atmel AVR JTAGICE3 via UPDI
  pickit4_updi       = MPLAB(R) PICkit 4 via UPDI
  pickit5_updi       = MPLAB(R) PICkit 5, PICkit 4 and SNAP (PIC mode) via UPDI
  pkobn_updi         = Curiosity nano (nEDBG) via UPDI
  powerdebugger_updi = Atmel PowerDebugger (ARM/AVR) via UPDI
  serialupdi         = SerialUPDI via UPDI
  snap_updi          = MPLAB(R) SNAP via UPDI
  xplainedmini_updi  = Atmel AVR XplainedMini via UPDI
  xplainedpro_updi   = Atmel AVR XplainedPro via UPDI

Print filename of last stored sketch with its date stamp (only with urclock programmer):

 
$avrdude -qq -curclock -P/dev/ttyUSB0 -pattiny13 -x showdate -x showfilename

2023-05-19 11.13 blink.hex

AVRDUDE in a bash script creating terminal scripts that reset a part to factory settings:

 
$ cat make-init-scripts

#!/bin/bash
mkdir /tmp/factory
for part in $(avrdude -p*/d | grep = | cut -f2 -d"'"); do
  echo $part
  avrdude -p$part/St | grep initval | cut -f3,5 | grep -ve-1 \
  | sed "s/.*/write &/" >/tmp/factory/$part.ini
done

Run above script and use one of the created terminal scripts:

 
$ ./make-init-scripts

$ cat /tmp/factory/ATmega328P.ini
write lfuse	0x62
write hfuse	0xd9
write efuse	0xff
write lock	0xff

$ avrdude -qq -cusbasp -pATmega328P -t < /tmp/factory/ATmega328P.ini

Create a bash function avrdude-elf that takes an elf file as input, with support for optional Avrdude flags at the end, and writes to all memories specified in the elf file. In this example, the elf file did not contain any EEPROM data:

 
# Show all writable memories present for the ATtiny13
$ echo $(avrdude -pattiny13/ot | grep write | cut -f3 | uniq)

eeprom flash lfuse hfuse lock

# Function that writes to all memories present in the elf file

avrdude-elf() {
  avrdude -cusbasp -pattiny13 -U{eeprom,flash,{l,h}fuse,lock}:w:"$1":e "${@:2}"
}

# Run function where -B8 and -V is appended to the Avrdude command
$ avrdude-elf blink.elf -B8 -V

Set SCK frequency to 93750 Hz

Processing -U eeprom:w:blink.elf:e
Reading 64 bytes for eeprom from input file blink.elf
Writing 64 bytes to eeprom
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.08 s
64 bytes of eeprom written

Processing -U flash:w:blink.elf:e
Reading 1024 bytes for flash from input file blink.elf
Writing 1024 bytes to flash
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.12 s
1024 bytes of flash written

Processing -U lfuse:w:blink.elf:e
Reading 1 byte for lfuse from input file blink.elf
Writing 1 byte (0x6A) to lfuse, 1 byte written

Processing -U hfuse:w:blink.elf:e
Reading 1 byte for hfuse from input file blink.elf
Writing 1 byte (0xFF) to hfuse, 1 byte written

Processing -U lock:w:blink.elf:e
Reading 1 byte for lock from input file blink.elf
Writing 1 byte (0xFF) to lock, 1 byte written

Avrdude done.  Thank you.
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